The total lunar eclipse, as explain on timeanddate.com, happens when the earth moves between the sun and the moon. They give a great explanation:
"The Moon does not have any light of its own, but its surface reflects the Sun's rays. During a total lunar eclipse, the Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon. Because of this, no direct sunlight gets through to the Moon and its entire visible surface is enveloped in the darkest, central part of the Earth's shadow - the umbra.The Moon is still visible in the night sky during totality. Although the Earth blocks all direct sunlight from the Moon's surface, some rays find their way onto the Moon via the Earth's atmosphere. Parts of the sunlight's spectrum are blocked or filtered out during this process, red being the remaining frequency under normal circumstances. This accounts for the usual appearance of a totally eclipsed Moon as a copper-red orb. However, depending on the amount of dust and clouds in the Earth's atmosphere, the color can change to yellow, orange, or brown."
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